10 Cashless Digital Payments Methods for Cashless India

       After the demonetization announced by the central government on 8th November, the number and volume of digital payments have seen a remarkable increase. Cashless Digital Payments have also become a necessity for day to day spends in the days of cash crunch after demonetization.

Indian government, after demonetization, has been encouraging people (Both consumers and merchants) to use cashless digital payment methods for any kind of payment against any kind of sale/purchase. The government has started several initiatives for making the country cashless, such as Jan Dhan to Digidhan and Mera Mobile – Mera Wallet and Cashless India.

Digital Payment Methods for Cashless Payments :

However, there are several ways one can pay for daily expenses like fuel, grocery, utility bills and purchase of any household item or any other kind of bill/purchase. Below are the 10 most common digital payment methods

1. Banking Cards (Debit / Credit / Cash / Travel / Others)
2. Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD)
3. AADHAR Enabled Payment System (AEPS)
4. Unified Payment Interface (UPI)
5. Mobile Wallets
6. Banks Pre-Paid Cards
7. Point of Sale Machines
8. Internet Banking
9. Mobile Banking
10. Micro ATM’s

Complete detailed information about how to use the above mentioned digital payment methods, please visit official website of Cashless India initiative at http://cashlessindia.gov.in.

Problem: An application is frozen solve here..

Sometimes an application may become stuck, or frozen. When this happens, you won't be able to close the window or click any buttons within the application.
Solution 1: Force quit the application. On a PC, you can press (and hold) Ctrl+Alt+Delete (the Control, Alt, and Delete keys) on your keyboard to open the Task Manager. On a Mac, press and hold Command+Option+Esc. You can then select the unresponsive application and click End task (or Force Quit on a Mac) to close it.

 Solution 2: Restart the computer. If you are unable to force quit an application, restarting your computer will close all open apps.

Networking basics in Hindi

Computer  जब पहली बार सामने आया तो यह अपने आप में अकेला उपकरण था। बाद  में इसके विस्तृत इस्तेमाल ने ऐसे हार्डवेयर और सॉफ्टवेयर  तैयार करने का रास्ता खोला  ताकि जिनके जरिए कंप्यूटर  एक
दूसरे से Communicate   (बात-चीत) कर सकें। कंप्यूटर कम्युनिकेशन  से  तात्पर्य है वह प्रक्रिया जिसके जरिए यक कंप्यूटर से Data, Instructions   तथा Information   दूसरे कंप्यूटरों तक पहुचती  हैं। आरंभ में केवल उन्ही कंप्यूटरों में Communication  की क्षमता थी लेकिन अब तो छोटे से छोटे कंप्यूटर और उपकरण एक दूसरे से कन्युनिकैट कर सकते हैं। 

नेटवर्क Computer Network

नेटवर्क कंप्यूटर और उपकरणों का ऐसा समूह है जो एक ' कम्युनिकेशन चैनल से जुडे रहते हैं। इसके जरिए यूजर डाटा, जानकारी, हार्डवेयर और Software को दूसरे यूजर्स के साथ शेयर कर सकता है। निजी व संस्थानिक कंप्यूटरों को कई वजहों से एक नेटवर्क में जोड़ा  जाता है। इसमें डाटा, जानकारी, हार्डवेयर और सॉफ्टवेयर  को Share  करने की और कम्युनिकेशन स्थापित करने की क्षमता होती है।

नेटवर्किग की जरूरत Networking needs and advantages

हार्डवेयर शेयर करने के लिए Sharing hardware resources through network

एक नेटवर्क में शामिल प्रत्येक कंप्यूटर हार्डवेयर को एक्सेस  करके उसका इस्तेमाल कर सकते है। उदाहरण के लिए मान लीजिए कि एक नेटवर्क में कईं सारे कंप्यूटर शामिल है और हर  कंप्यूटर को लेज़र प्रिंटर की  जरूरत होती है। ऐसे में नेटवर्क से जुडे एक ही Laser Printer  का हर कंप्यूटर इस्तेमाल कर सकता है।

डाटा और जानकारी को शेयर करने के  लिए Data and information to share

एक नेटवर्क में शामिल किसी भी कंप्यूटर पर कार्य करते समय कोई भी वैध यूजर किसी भी दूसरे कंप्यूटर में मौजूद डाटा और सूचनाओ तक पहुंचकर  उनका इस्तेमाल कर सकता है। उदाहरण  के लिए कंप्यूटर इंफॉमेशन का डाटाबेस सर्वर की हार्ड डिस्क में सेव हो सकता है। नेटवर्क में शामिल कोई भी वैध यूजर यहा तक कि हैडहैंल्ड कंप्यूटर का इस्तेमाल करने वाला मोबाइल यूजर  भी इस Database तक पहुंच सकता है और उसका इस्तेमाल कर सकता है। स्टोरेज डाटा और इनफार्मेशन  तक पहुंचकर उनका इस्तेमाल करने की सुविघा कई नेटवर्कों का बहुत ही महत्त्वपूर्ण  फीचर होता है।

सॉफ्टवेयर शेयर करने के लिए Software to share internet

सॉफ्टवेयर शेयरिंग । में बहुत ज्यादा इस्तेमाल होने वाले सॉफ्टवेयर सर्वर की हार्ड डिस्क में  स्टोर रहते है ताकि नेटवर्क में शामिल एक साथ कई यूजर इन तक पहुचकर इनका इस्तेमाल कर सकें। जब आप किसी सॉफ्टवेयर पैकेज का नेटवर्क वर्जन खरीदते है, सॉफ्टवेयर वेंडर  आपको  एक लीगल एग्रीमेंट इशू   करता है जिसे साइट लाइसेंस कहते हैं। यह कई यूजरों को एक साथ सॉफ्टवेयर पैकेज का इस्तेमाल करने की इजाजत देता है। साइट लाइसेंस की फीस आमतौर पर ¸ नेटवर्क में शामिल कंप्यूटरों या Users  की संख्या के आधार पर तय होती है। प्रत्येक कंप्यूटर के लिए अलग से सॉफ्टवेयर' खरीदने की तुलना में   नेटवर्क के जरिए उनकी शेयरिंग का खर्च लगभग न के बराबर आता है।

Facilitated Communication

नेटवर्क का इस्तेमाल कर लोग  प्रभावशाली और आसान ढंग से email, instant massage, chat rooms, telephony और video conferencing  के जरिए Communicate  कर सकते हैं। इं-मेल मैसेज आमतौर यर तुरंत डिलीवर होते है। कभी कभी यह कम्युनिकेशन  एक बिजनेस नेटवर्क में भी काम  आता है।

नैटवर्क के साइज की  एक पूरी रेंज होती है। एक छोटा नेटवर्क दो कंप्यूटरों को  आपस मैं जोड़ता  है तो ग्लोबल नेटवर्क जैसे इंटरनेट में दुनिया के लाखों  कंप्यूटर आपस में  जुडे होते है। नेटवर्क सभी तरह के कंप्यूटरों को आपस में जोडता है चाहे वो  हैंड हैल्ड कंप्यूटर हो  या super computer.

How to Install Windows XP

Set your computer to boot from CD/DVD. Before inserting the CD, you'll need to set your computer to boot from a CD instead of from the hard drive. This will allow you to load the Windows XP setup files before your computer boots to its installed operating system. You can change the boot order from the BOOT menu in your BIOS.

• To enter the BIOS of your computer, you usually press F9 or DEL when your computer starts or notifies you that you can enter "setup". Click the green "BIOS" link for more information. ^[1]
• In the BOOT menu, set the order so that your CD/DVD-ROM drive is set as the 1st Boot Device.
• If you are installing Windows XP from a USB drive, make sure that the USB drive is set as the 1st Boot Device. You may need to have the USB drive inserted for it to appear as an option.    
  
  
  
  
  
  Load the installer. Once your Boot Order is set, insert the Windows XP CD into your drive and Save and Exit from the BIOS. Your computer will reboot and you will be presented with the message: Press any key to boot from CD. Press any key on your keyboard to start the Setup program.
  

  • Setup will load files necessary to begin the installation, which may take a few moments. Once the loading is complete, you will be taken to the Welcome screen.    
    
    
    
    
    
    Press ENTER to begin installation. Once the loading is complete, you will be taken to the Welcome screen. You are given several options, but if you are installing or reinstalling Windows XP, you’ll want to press ENTER to start the installation configuration. 
    Read the License Agreement. This document tells you what you can and can’t do with Windows, and your rights as the consumer. After reading, press F8 indicating you agree to the terms. 
    
    
    

    Select the partition you want to install on. You will see a list of available partitions on your installed hard drives. If you are installing Windows XP on a new hard drive, you should see only one entry labeled "Unpartitioned space." If you have a previous version of Windows or Linux installed on your computer, you will potentially have multiple partitions.
    

    • Installing Windows XP will erase all of the data on the partition that you choose. Select a partition that is empty or that contains data that you do not care to lose.
    • You can delete your partitions with the “D” key. This will return them to “Unpartitioned space”. Any data on the partition will be lost when it is deleted.
      
      
      
      Create a new partition. Select the Unpartitioned space and press “C”. This will open a new screen where you can set the partition’s size from the available space. Enter the size in megabytes (MB) for the new partition and then press ENTER.
      

      • By default, the partition will be set to the maximum amount of available space. Unless you plan on creating multiple partitions, you can usually leave this at its default.
      • Windows XP requires at least 1.5 gigabytes (1536 MB) for its installation files, but you will want more than this for programs, documents, downloads, and other files. 5 gigabytes (5120 MB) is a good baseline amount for Windows XP, with more if you plan on installing a lot of programs.
      • You can create multiple partitions on a single drive. This can allow you to separate your programs from your movies and music, or to install another operating system. Windows XP can only be installed on one discrete partition.
        
        Select your new partition. Once you’ve created your installation partition, you will be returned to the partition selection screen. Select your new partition, usually labeled "C: Partition 1 [Raw]" and press ENTER. 
        
        

        
        
        
        Select "Format the Partition using the NTFS File System" and press ENTER. NTFS is the preferred method, supporting a larger amount of disk space per partition than FAT, and including security features at the file system level. NTFS also includes system level compression. There are almost no situations anymore where choosing FAT would be preferable.
        

        • If your partition size is larger than 32 GB, you will not be given the option to choose FAT.
        • It is highly recommended to avoid Quick Format, as this skips an important process that checks the hard drive for errors or bad sectors. This scan is what consumes the majority of the time taken when performing a full format. If there are errors on a disk at the physical level, it's best to catch them now rather than later.
        
        
        
        Wait for the format to complete. The system will now format the partition. The length of time this process requires depends on the speed and size of the drive. In general, the larger the partition, the longer the process will take.
        
        
        
        Wait for the Setup files to copy. Windows will now start copying files from the installation disc and prompt you to reboot the computer when the process is completed. Press ENTER when prompted to reboot, otherwise it will do so automatically after 15 seconds.
        
        
        
        Allow the computer to boot normally. You will see the message asking you to press a key to boot from CD. Ignore it and allow the computer to continue booting from the hard drive. You will see the Windows logo as the Setup program loads.  
        
        Wait for the installation to proceed. After the Windows logo goes away, you will see a list of steps remaining on the left side of the screen, and tips for using windows on the right. The time remaining for the installation will be displayed below the list of steps remaining.
        

        • It is normal for the screen to flicker, turn on and off, or resize during this process.
          
          
          
          Choose your language and region settings. During the installation process a dialog window will appear, asking you to choose your Regional settings. Select appropriate settings native to your area. Click the Next button when that is completed.
          

          • Enter your full name if you want. This will be set as the “owner” of Windows, and will be attached to certain things, such as Document creation.
            
            Enter your Product Key. You will not be able to complete the installation process without a valid Product Key. Click "Next" to continue.
            

            • Some versions of Windows will not ask for the Product Key until installation is complete.
            Set your computer’s name. This will be the name that represents the computer on a network. Windows sets a default name, but you can change it if you would like. You can also set a password for the Administrator account. This is optional, but recommended for public computers. 
            
            Select your time zone. Ensure that the date/time are correct. Click "Next" to continue. 
             
            
             
             
            Choose your network settings. Almost all users installing Windows XP on a home or personal computer can leave "Typical Settings" selected for Network Setup. If you are installing Windows XP in a corporate or academic environment, check with the system administrator, though Typical Settings will most likely work.

            • In the next window, nearly all users can select “No, this computer is not on a network, or is on a network without a domain.” If you are in a corporate setting, ask your system administrator which you should choose.
            • You can typically leave the workgroup name set to default.

             

            

            Wait for the installation to finalize. This will only take a few minutes, and the computer will reboot when it is finished installing. Once the computer reboots, you will be taken to the Windows XP desktop. At this point, installation is complete, though there are a few things left to do before Windows is completely usable.. 

             

            

            Set your display preferences. Once Windows loads, you will be told that Windows will automatically configure your display. Click OK to start the configuration. Your screen will flash a couple times, and then you will be asked if you can read the box that appears. 

            
            

            

            
            

            Set your connection preferences. If your computer is connected to the internet, select your connection type. Press Next to continue. 

             

            

            
            

            Activate your copy of Windows. If connected to the Internet, Select "Activate Now." Windows will connect to the activation server and automatically authenticate your copy of Windows. If you haven’t entered your Product Key yet, you will need to enter it now.

             

            

             

            Create Users. After the Activation Process, a window will appear allowing you to select the users for the computer. Enter your name, and the names of others who will be using the machine. Press Next to continue.  

             

            

            
            

            Start using Windows. You will now be looking at the default Windows XP Desktop. Congratulations! There are a few things that you should probably do now that you have Windows up and running:

            • Install any drivers that you need to for your computer’s hardware.
            • Install an antivirus program if you are connected to the internet.
            • Set your BIOS to boot from the hard drive again instead of the CD.

            
            

My computer is too slow.... don't worry

Microsoft’s System Configuration tool is your next-best bet for tackling slow performance. Many applications launch automatically when your machine boots up, which can stretch out boot time—especially on older, slower PCs. Make a habit of trimming the startup items. Open the tool by pressing Windows-R, typing msconfig, and pressing the Enter key.
Checking the Startup Item and Manufacturer columns is the best way to figure out which potential performance-killers you can safely disable. Avoid messing with any of the services and programs that have Microsoft Corporation listed as the manufacturer. Items such as AdobeAAMUpdater, Google Update, Pando Media Booster, Spotify, and Steam Client Bootstrapper are all fair game. Regardless, err on the side of caution: If you’re not sure what the program or service does, don’t disable it. 

 Once you’ve made all your changes, click OK and restart the computer. It should boot up quicker and feel noticeably faster.

My computer is too slow.... don't worry

Microsoft’s System Configuration tool is your next-best bet for tackling slow performance. Many applications launch automatically when your machine boots up, which can stretch out boot time—especially on older, slower PCs. Make a habit of trimming the startup items. Open the tool by pressing Windows-R, typing msconfig, and pressing the Enter key.
Checking the Startup Item and Manufacturer columns is the best way to figure out which potential performance-killers you can safely disable. Avoid messing with any of the services and programs that have Microsoft Corporation listed as the manufacturer. Items such as AdobeAAMUpdater, Google Update, Pando Media Booster, Spotify, and Steam Client Bootstrapper are all fair game. Regardless, err on the side of caution: If you’re not sure what the program or service does, don’t disable it. 

 Once you’ve made all your changes, click OK and restart the computer. It should boot up quicker and feel noticeably faster.

My computer is too slow

Microsoft’s System Configuration tool is your next-best bet for tackling slow performance. Many applications launch automatically when your machine boots up, which can stretch out boot time—especially on older, slower PCs. Make a habit of trimming the startup items. Open the tool by pressing Windows-R, typing msconfig, and pressing the Enter key.
Checking the Startup Item and Manufacturer columns is the best way to figure out which potential performance-killers you can safely disable. Avoid messing with any of the services and programs that have Microsoft Corporation listed as the manufacturer. Items such as AdobeAAMUpdater, Google Update, Pando Media Booster, Spotify, and Steam Client Bootstrapper are all fair game. Regardless, err on the side of caution: If you’re not sure what the program or service does, don’t disable it. 

 Once you’ve made all your changes, click OK and restart the computer. It should boot up quicker and feel noticeably faster.